How to reduce ESD interference in PCB design process

In the design of PCB board, PCB anti-ESD design can be realized by layering, proper layout and wiring and installation. The PCB layout and wiring can be adjusted to prevent ESD. Multilayer PCBS are used whenever possible. The ground plane and power plane, as well as the closely spaced signal wire-ground spacing, reduce common-mode impedance and inductive coupling to 1/10 to 1/100 of that of a double-sided PCB compared to a double-sided PCB. There are components for both the top and bottom surfaces, with very short connections.

Static electricity from the human body, the environment and even inside electronic equipment can cause various damage to the precision semiconductor chip, such as penetrating the thin insulation layer inside the component; Destroy the grids of MOSFET and CMOS components; Trigger locking in CMOS devices; PN junction with short circuit reverse bias; PN junction with short circuit forward bias; Melt the welded wire or aluminum wire inside the active device. In order to eliminate electrostatic discharge (ESD) interference and damage to electronic equipment, it is necessary to take a variety of technical measures to prevent.

In the design of PCB board, PCB anti-ESD design can be realized by layering, proper layout and wiring and installation. During the design process, most design modifications can be limited to adding or subtracting components through prediction. The PCB layout and wiring can be adjusted to prevent ESD. Here are some common precautions.

Multilayer PCBS are used whenever possible. The ground plane and power plane, as well as the closely spaced signal wire-ground spacing, reduce common-mode impedance and inductive coupling to 1/10 to 1/100 of that of a double-sided PCB compared to a double-sided PCB. Try to place each signal layer next to a power layer or ground layer. For high density PCBS with components on both top and bottom surfaces, with very short connection lines and many padding places, consider using inner lines.

For double-sided PCBS, a tightly interwoven power supply and grid are used. The power cord is next to the ground wire, between the vertical and horizontal lines or filling areas, and should be connected as much as possible. One side of the grid should be less than or equal to 60mm and, if possible, less than 13mm.

Make sure each circuit is as compact as possible.

Put all connectors aside if possible.

If possible, lead the power cord through the center of the card and away from areas that are directly affected by ESD.

On all PCB layers below the connectors leading out of the case (which are susceptible to direct ESD damage), place wide case floors or polygonal filler floors and connect them together with holes at approximately 13mm intervals.

A mounting hole is placed on the edge of the card, around which the top and bottom pads of the open flux are connected to the ground of the case.

When PCB is assembled, do not apply any solder to the top or bottom pad. Use screws with built-in washers to achieve tight contact between the PCB and the metal case/shield or ground surface bracket.

The same "isolation zone" shall be set up between the chassis floor and the circuit floor of each layer; If possible, keep the spacing at 0.64mm.

At the top and bottom of the card near the mounting holes, connect the chassis floor to the circuit floor with 1.27mm wide wires along the chassis ground wire every 100mm. Adjacent to these connection points, a pad or mounting hole for mounting is placed between the case ground and the circuit ground. These ground connections can be cut open with a blade to keep the circuit open, or a jump with a magnetic bead/high frequency capacitor.

If the circuit board will not be placed in a metal case or shielding device, the top and bottom of the circuit board grounding should not be coated with solder resistance, so that they can be used as ESD arc discharge electrode.

To set up a ring around the circuit in the following manner:

(1) In addition to the edge connector and the chassis floor, the entire outer perimeter is placed on the annular ground path.

(2) Ensure that the annular ground width of all layers is greater than 2.5mm.

(3) Connect the rings with holes every 13mm.

(4) Connect the ring ground to the common ground of the multilayer circuit.

(5) For the double panel installed in the metal case or shielding device, the ring should be connected with the circuit common ground. An unshielded double-sided circuit should be connected to the ring floor. The ring floor should not be coated with solder resistance so that the ring can act as an ESD discharge rod. A gap of at least 0.5mm wide should be placed somewhere on the ring floor (all layers) to avoid forming a large loop. The distance between signal wiring and ring ground should not be less than 0.5mm.

In the area that can be directly hit by ESD, a ground line should be laid near each signal line.

The I/O circuit should be as close to the corresponding connector as possible.

ESD sensitive circuits should be placed near the center of the circuit, so that other circuits can provide some shielding for them.

A series of resistors and magnetic beads are usually placed at the receiving end, but for cable drivers that are vulnerable to ESD damage, a series of resistors or magnetic beads may also be considered at the driver end.

A transient protector is usually placed at the receiving end. Use short, thick wires (less than 5 times the width and less than 3 times the width) to connect to the chassis floor. The signal wire and ground wire from the connector are connected directly to the transient protector before being connected to the rest of the circuit.

The filter capacitor should be placed at the connector or within 25mm of the receiving circuit.

(1) Use a short and thick wire to connect to the chassis or the receiving circuit (length less than 5 times the width, less than 3 times the width).

(2) The signal wire and ground wire are first connected to the capacitor and then connected to the receiving circuit.