Understand the charging pile and related processes

Understand the charging pile and related processes
The function of the charging pile is similar to the fuel dispenser in the gas station It can be fixed on this ground or wall and installed in public buildings (public buildings, shopping centers, public parking lots, etc.) and residential district parking lots or charging stations It can be based on different PCB voltages This level is used to charge various types of electric vehicles The input end of the PCB charging pile is directly connected to the AC power grid, and the output end is equipped with a charging plug for charging the electric vehicle Charge pile usually provides two charging methods: conventional charging and fast charging People can use a specific charging card to swipe the card on the human-computer interaction interface provided by the charging pile to perform corresponding charging pipeline operations, charging time, and cost data printing The charging pile display screen can display PCB data such as charge amount, charge, and charging time
China is a major consumer and producer of new energy vehicles. There are a large number of pure electric vehicles on the market. Charge pile develops rapidly. Many companies want to invest in this industry. However, since the charging pile is not a universal product, few experienced people know about the design.
PCB copy board (PCB copy board) can copy out 1:1 of the PCB data circuit board, and then reverse the schematic diagram according to the BOM (bill of material) According to the schematic diagram, we can analyze the advantages and disadvantages of similar products in the design to improve our product design
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Circuit board

Technical requirements for AC charging pile (bolt)
1. Environmental requirements
1. Working environment temperature: - 20 ℃+50 ℃;
2. Relative humidity: 5% 95%;
3. Altitude: 1000m;
The equipment shall be able to withstand 3 continuous sine waves acting simultaneously, and the safety factor shall be greater than 1.67;
2. Structural requirements
1. The shell of AC charging pile (bolt) shall be firm;
2. The structure must prevent hands from easily contacting exposed parts;
3. The AC charging pile (bolt) shall be a steel composite structure with a thickness of more than 1.0, and the surface shall be subject to plastic immersion treatment, and the heat dissipation requirements shall be fully considered. The charging pile (bolt) shall have good electromagnetic interference shielding function;
4. The charging pile (bolt) shall have sufficient support strength, and necessary facilities shall be provided to ensure the correct lifting, transportation, storage and installation of equipment, and anchor bolt holes shall be provided;
5. The bottom of pile (bolt) body shall be fixed and installed on the foundation not less than 200mm from the ground. The base area shall not be greater than 500mm × 500mm；
3. Power requirements
1. Input voltage: single-phase 220V;
2. Output power: single-phase 220V/5KW;
3. Frequency: 50Hz ± 2Hz;
4. Allowable voltage fluctuation range: single-phase 220V ± 15%;
4. Power requirements
1. After confirming that the plug and socket are connected correctly, the load can be opened and closed before the circuit is closed to realize power supply to the socket;
2. The leakage protection device shall be installed at the inlet side of the power cable;
3. The protection of low-voltage power distribution equipment and lines shall comply with the relevant provisions of Code for Design of Low Voltage Power Distribution (GB/50053);
4. For the distribution line of IT system, when the first grounding fault occurs, the insulation monitoring device shall send out audio or optical signals. When the second out of phase grounding fault occurs, the over-current protector or leakage current operated protector shall be used to cut off the fault circuit;
5. In the lighting distribution system, the lighting and socket circuits shall not be powered by the same circuit. The power supply side of socket circuit shall be equipped with residual current operated protection device with rated working current of 30mA
7. IP protection class
The AC charging pile (bolt) shall conform to IP54 (outdoor) and be equipped with necessary rain proof and sun protection devices;
8. 3 Protection against (moisture, mold and salt fog)
Printed circuit boards, connectors and other circuits in the charger shall be moisture, mold and salt spray resistant. The salt spray corrosion resistance shall meet the requirements of GB/T 4797.6-1995 Natural Environmental Conditions, Dust, Sand and Salt for Electrical and Electronic Products. The requirements in Table 9 of "Fog" enable the charger to work normally in outdoor humid and salt fog environments;
9. Anti rust (anti-oxidation) protection
The iron sleeve of the charging pile (bolt) and the exposed iron support and components shall be provided with double-layer anti rust measures, and the non-ferrous metal sleeve shall also be provided with an anti-oxidation protective film or be subject to anti-oxidation treatment;
10. Windbreak
Chargers and exposed parts installed on the platform shall be able to withstand the relative wind speed in different areas and at different heights specified in Table 9 of GB/T 4797.5-9 Natural Environmental Conditions, Precipitation and Wind for Electrical and Electronic Products;
11. Anti theft protection
The shell door of the electric pile (bolt) shall be equipped with an anti-theft lock, and the bolt fixing the AC charging pile (bolt) must be installed or removed after the shell door is opened;
12. Temperature rise requirements
The AC charging pile (bolt) operates continuously for a long time under rated load, and the temperature rise of internal heating components and all components shall not exceed the requirements of Q/GDW 397-2009 Table 2;
13. Mean time between failures (MTBF)
MTBF shall not be less than 8760h;
14. The vertical inclination of installation shall not exceed 5%;
15. The equipment installation site shall be free of explosive hazardous media, and the surrounding media shall not contain harmful gases and conductive media that corrode metals and damage insulation
DC type
a) Power input voltage of charging pile (bolt): three-phase four wire 380VAC ± 15%, frequency 50Hz ± 5%;
b) The charging pile (bolt) shall meet the charging object
c) The output of the charging pile (bolt) is DC, and the output voltage meets the battery standard requirements of the charging object;
d) The maximum output current meets the charging requirements of battery standard 1C of the charging object and is backward compatible;
e) There are two types of charging pipes: conventional and fast. The conventional one is 5-hour charging pipe, and the fast one is 1-hour charging pipe (selected according to different battery types);
f) Realize intelligent integrated circuit management;
g) Each charging pile (bolt) has its own operating device for users to select charging pipes and operating instructions, and display the battery status of electric vehicles and the user's IC card charge information to achieve unmanned management;
h) The interface of the charging pile (bolt) shall comply with the relevant provisions of the DC charging interface in the Conductive Charging Interface of Electric Vehicles (Provisional) (GB/T XXXXXXXX);
i) The communication interface of the charging pile (bolt) adopts the CAN communication interface, and the communication protocol shall be implemented according to the provisions of the communication protocol (provisional) between the battery management system of the electric vehicle and the off board charger (charging object is lithium battery electric vehicle
j) The charging pile (bolt) shall have corresponding alarm and protection functions for abnormal conditions during charging;
k) The charging pile (bolt) shall monitor the battery status and automatically adjust according to the battery temperature, voltage and charging curve, charging current and charging voltage;
summary
The fast charging pile (bolt) equipment adopts an integrated AC and DC structure.  It can realize PCB DC charging or AC charging When there are many charging services in the daytime, the DC method is used for fast charging. When there are few users in the charging station at night, the PCB AC charging can be used for slow charging
Appearance features
1. Ergonomic design, fully considering the Chinese characteristics, the height of the whole machine, screen height, keyboard height and charging connector slot height are suitable for operation after installation;
2. The upper outlet saves half of the operator's physical strength;
3. Considering people's usage habits and durability, touch screen and keyboard are backed up with each other, and touch screen and keyboard are designed with rainproof and dust-proof PCB;
4. Equipped with emergency stop switch for emergency stop; Equipped with charging connector slot, waterproof.

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